Quantum:
– For QM, one has a few postulates and elementary laws from it. Those laws and postulates cannot be reduced to more basic principles (until today and as admitted byt he scientific community) so it’s an ab initio method
– For Classical Mechanic, it’s also a ab initio because the law of classical mechanic cannot be decomposed but it’s valid only in an inertial frame and when we neglect quantum effect. If one doesn’t follow those two hypothesis, one see differences between reality and the model because one neglected the quantum effects.
– Classical electromagnetic is not an ab initio model because magnetism is a consequence of relativistic mechanic and the electric field. The classical electromagnetism law can be reduced to the coulomb law and special relativity laws (and general relativity).