Ab initio models build up from fundamental phenomenon that are not emperically derived or assumed from experimental data.
Quantum mechanics builds a model to describe the microscopic world from fundamental laws (Schrodingers equation or Hiesenbergs uncertainity principle) and postulates about interactions between particles.
Classical mechanics does the same by building up from our understanding of the fundamental interactions of forces and masses, elaborated by newtons law of physics and develops a system to understand the behaviour and interaction of macroscopic objects.
Classical Electromagnetism could also be considered ab initio. The first principles of this model would be properties of electrical and magnetic fields and their interaction which is embodied by the Maxwell equations.